Pregnancy outcomes in YT2DM: comparing women diagnosed <30 years vs 30 to < 40 years

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In the context of the varying age cut-offs that have been proposed for young-onset type 2 diabetesmellitus (YT2DM), we examined whether pregnancy outcomes differ betweenwomen diagnosedwith YT2DMat < 30 years versuswomen with YT2DMdiagnosed at 30 to < 40 years. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from women with pre-gestational YT2DM who presented for their initial antenatal diabetes clinic visit at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (Sydney) between 2010-2019. Primary outcomes included the rates of large-for-gestational age (LGA) infants, macrosomia, and pre-eclampsia. Baseline characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were compared between women with YT2DM diagnosed at < 30 years versus those diagnosed at 30 to < 40 years. RESULTS: Compared to those diagnosed with YT2DM at 30 to < 40 years (n=69), the women diagnosed with YT2DM at < 30 years (n=66) had significantly longer duration of diabetes and higher rates of smoking during pregnancy (p < 0.05 for both). Those diagnosed with YT2DM at < 30 years also had higher rates of significant proteinuria and pre-eclampsia (p < 0.05 for both). The rates of LGA infants, macrosomia, and other pregnancy outcomes were similar between the two subgroups of women with YT2DM. CONCLUSIONS: We found significantly higher rates of proteinuria and preeclampsia in the women diagnosed with YT2DM at < 30 years compared to those diagnosed at 30 to < 40 years, though this appeared to be at least partially driven by the longer duration of diabetes in the former group. Larger-scale studies are required to confirm whether women diagnosed with YT2DM at < 30 years are at even higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to those diagnosed at 30 to < 40 years.